affirm

verb

af·​firm ə-ˈfərm 

affirmed; affirming; affirms

transitive verb

1

a

: validate, confirm

He was affirmed as a candidate.

b

: to state positively

He affirmed his innocence.

2

: to assert (something, such as a judgment or decree) as valid or confirmed

The court affirmed his conviction.

3

: to show or express a strong belief in or dedication to (something, such as an important idea)

laws affirming the racial equality of all people

intransitive verb

1

: to testify or declare by affirmation (see affirmation sense 2) as distinguished from swearing an oath

2

: to uphold a judgment or decree of a lower court

affirmable

ə-ˈfər-mə-bəl 

adjective

affirmance

ə-ˈfər-mən(t)s 

noun

Synonyms

• allege
• assert
• aver
• avouch
• avow
• claim
• contend
• declare
• insist
• maintain
• profess
• protest
• purport
• warrant

Choose the Right Synonym for affirm

assert, declare, affirm, protest, avow mean to state positively usually in anticipation of denial or objection.

assert implies stating confidently without need for proof or regard for evidence.

asserted that modern music is just noise

declare stresses open or public statement.

declared her support for the candidate

affirm implies conviction based on evidence, experience, or faith.

affirmed the existence of an afterlife

protest emphasizes affirming in the face of denial or doubt.

protested that he really had been misquoted

avow stresses frank declaration and acknowledgment of personal responsibility for what is declared.

avowed that all investors would be repaid in full

Examples of affirm in a Sentence

We cannot affirm that this painting is genuine.

They neither affirmed nor denied their guilt.

laws affirming the racial equality of all peoples

They continued to affirm their religious beliefs.

The decision was affirmed by a higher court.

Recent Examples on the Web

Cautious optimism grew earlier in the week as the twice-daily health updates affirmed that the pope was eating solid food, sitting up in his armchair, and even taking care of simple work tasks from the comfort of his hospital room. —Timothy Nerozzi, Washington Examiner - Political News and Conservative Analysis About Congress, the President, and the Federal Government, 1 Mar. 2025

Lee is appealing his conviction for election-law violations in 2022, and if two appellate courts affirm it, he will be barred from public office for 10 years. —Ian Bremmer, TIME, 28 Feb. 2025

The National Academies stood its ground, issuing a report the following month affirming the E.P.A.’s Integrated Risk Information System findings that formaldehyde is carcinogenic and increases leukemia risk. —Hiroko Tabuchi, New York Times, 26 Feb. 2025

Board votes in open session for ‘transparency’ The board deliberated for roughly 10 minutes before voting unanimously to affirm the director’s recommendation and keep the book in the children’s section, to applause from the audience. —Rose Evans, Idaho Statesman, 26 Feb. 2025

Word History

Etymology

alteration (conformed to Latin affirmāre) of Middle English affermen "to fix firmly, make steadfast, establish, confirm, assert," borrowed from Anglo-French afermer, affermer, going back to Latin affirmāre "to strengthen, confirm, assert positively," from ad- ad- + firmāre "to strengthen, fortify," derivative of firmus "strong, durable, firm entry 1"

First Known Use

14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1a

Rhymes for affirm

• bookworm
• confirm
• cutworm
• earthworm
• infirm
• midterm
• tapeworm
• wireworm
• angiosperm
• echinoderm
• berm
• ferm

Kids Definition

affirm

verb

af·​firm ə-ˈfərm 

: to state positively or with confidence

affirmation

ˌaf-ər-ˈmā-shən

noun

Legal Definition

affirm

transitive verb

af·​firm ə-ˈfərm 

1

: to assert as true or factual

2

: to assert (as a judgment) as valid or confirmed

affirmed the lower court's ruling

compare remand, reverse

intransitive verb

1

: to make a solemn declaration under the penalties of perjury in place of swearing an oath to which one conscientiously objects

2

: to uphold the judgment or actions of a lower court

the appeals court affirmed

affirmance

ə-ˈfər-məns 

noun

affirmation

ˌa-fər-ˈmā-shən 

noun