extinction

noun

ex·​tinc·​tion ik-ˈstiŋ(k)-shən 

plural extinctions

1

a

: the act of making extinct or causing to be extinguished

gradual extinction of the national debt

b

: the condition or fact of being extinct

or : the process of becoming extinct

attempting to save a species from extinction

… at least 17 species of the island's largest mammals, birds, and reptiles were lost in a wave of extinctions that occurred about 1,000 years ago.

—Pamela S. Cubberly

Now, more than 40 percent of the world's 7,000 or so languages are thought to be at risk of extinction, some with just a handful of elderly native speakers left.

—Benjamin Plackett

see also mass extinction

2

: the process of eliminating or reducing a conditioned (see conditioned sense 2) response by not reinforcing it

When a rat in a Skinner box presses a lever, a tone sounds momentarily, followed shortly by delivery of food. … After the animal has been conditioned in this way, the experimenter begins extinction, so that when the rat presses the lever neither the tone nor the food appears.

—Rita L. Atkinson et al.

Synonyms

• annihilation
• decimation
• demolishment
• demolition
• desolation
• destruction
• devastation
• extermination
• havoc
• loss
• mincemeat
• obliteration
• ruin
• ruination
• wastage
• wreckage

Examples of extinction in a Sentence

the extinction of all life in the region

the extinction of many old traditions

Mass extinctions of prehistoric animals are known to have occurred.

Recent Examples on the Web

Over the next decades, human activity brought the horses to the brink of extinction. —Christian Thorsberg, Smithsonian Magazine, 13 June 2024

Invasive species, Warwick points out, are among the main drivers of extinction today, up there with habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. —The New Yorker, 12 June 2024

At San Dieguito, that builds space for wildlife such as the light-footed Ridgway’s rail and least Bell’s vireo, two native California birds listed by the federal government as in danger of extinction. —Phil Diehl, San Diego Union-Tribune, 9 June 2024

On the brink of extinction, the Pacific pocket mouse has long been the focus of conservationists. —Julia Daye, Sacramento Bee, 31 May 2024

Word History

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Phrases Containing extinction

• extinction coefficient
• mass extinction
• mass extinction event
• self-extinction

Kids Definition

extinction

noun

ex·​tinc·​tion ik-ˈstiŋ(k)-shən 

1

: an act of extinguishing or an instance of being extinguished

2

a

: the state of being extinct

b

: the process of becoming extinct

3

: the process of eliminating or reducing a conditioned response by not providing the stimulus with which it has become associated by conditioning

Medical Definition

extinction

noun

ex·​tinc·​tion ik-ˈstiŋ(k)-shən 

1

: the process of becoming extinct

the extinction of a species

also : the condition or fact of being extinct

2

: the process of eliminating or reducing a conditioned response by not reinforcing it