involuntary

adjective

in·​vol·​un·​tary (ˌ)in-ˈvä-lən-ˌter-ē How to pronounce involuntary (audio)
-ˌte-rē
1
: done contrary to or without choice
2
3
: not subject to control of the will : reflex
involuntarily adverb
involuntariness noun

Examples of involuntary in a Sentence

Breathing and circulation are involuntary processes. When the door burst open, she let out an involuntary shriek. The lawyer argued that the client's confession was involuntary.
Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
In studies, this was seen in both healthy people and those taking it for certain health conditions, such as tardive dyskinesia (an involuntary movement disorder). Jennifer Lefton, Ms, Rd/n, Cnsc, Fand, Verywell Health, 6 Mar. 2025 Clinical trial results published in August showed that the device reduced involuntary movements and other symptoms by 50% in four patients who had Parkinson's for at least 10 years. Maya Goldman, Axios, 25 Feb. 2025 Sleep clinics use sleep studies to identify sleep disruptions such as breathing pauses, involuntary limb movements, or other unconscious behaviors affecting your quality of sleep. Julianna Bragg, CNN, 18 Feb. 2025 Stories written by Carol have influenced public policy and spurred legislative action, including the passage of laws that reformed the state’s involuntary commitment, child welfare and juvenile justice systems. Carol Marbin Miller, Miami Herald, 26 Feb. 2025 See All Example Sentences for involuntary

Word History

Etymology

Middle English involuntari, from Late Latin involuntarius, from Latin in- + voluntarius voluntary

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of involuntary was in the 15th century

Browse Nearby Words

Cite this Entry

“Involuntary.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/involuntary. Accessed 19 Mar. 2025.

Kids Definition

involuntary

adjective
in·​vol·​un·​tary (ˈ)in-ˈväl-ən-ˌter-ē How to pronounce involuntary (audio)
1
: not made or done willingly or from choice : unwilling
2
: being enforced or required : mandatory
3
: not normally under the control of the will
an involuntary response to a stimulus
involuntarily adverb

Medical Definition

involuntary

adjective
in·​vol·​un·​tary (ˈ)in-ˈväl-ən-ˌter-ē How to pronounce involuntary (audio)
: not subject to control of the will : reflex
involuntary contractions

Legal Definition

involuntary

adjective
in·​vol·​un·​tary in-ˈvä-lən-ˌter-ē How to pronounce involuntary (audio)
: done, made, or initiated contrary to or without one's choice
an involuntary confession
an involuntary lien
an involuntary plaintiff joined in the action
involuntarily adverb

More from Merriam-Webster on involuntary

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