panoply

noun

pan·​o·​ply ˈpa-nə-plē 

plural panoplies

1

a

: a full suit of armor

Knights in panoply were ready for battle.

b

: ceremonial attire

The nobles were in panoply for the coronation.

2

: something forming a protective covering

faces dim in a panoply of smoke

—William Baucke

3

a

: a magnificent or impressive array

the full panoply of a military funeral

woods … in their full panoply of autumn foliage

—S. P. B. Mais

b

: a display of all appropriate appurtenances

no need for the panoply of power

windows … beyond which the usual panoply of modern mechanical conveniences can brazenly flourish

—Lewis Mumford

Did you know?

Despite having Greek origins and similar sounds, panoply is not related—etymologically or semantically—to monopoly; its history has more to do with Mediterranean warfare than Mediterranean Avenue. Panoply comes from the Greek word panoplia, which referred to the full suit of armor worn by hoplites, heavily armed infantry soldiers of ancient Greece. Panoplia is a blend of the prefix pan-, meaning “all,” and hopla, meaning “arms” or “armor.” (As you may have guessed, hopla is also an ancestor of hoplite.) Panoply entered English in the early 17th century with its Greek use intact: it referred to a full set of armor—an impressive array, you might say, of protective bits and bobs, from breastplates to brassards. Over time, panoply developed its figurative sense referring to an impressive, extensive collection or array of things, as in “She won the game by bankrupting her opponents with a panoply of properties built up with houses and hotels.”

Examples of panoply in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web

But as the first group ages further, the older dispensation will become more and more of a niche in its own right, a small constellation in the larger, weirder panoply. —Ross Douthat, The Mercury News, 16 Oct. 2024

Eligible students receive a panoply of perks, including mentorship, coaching, 24/7 access to on-call staff, and much more. —Steven Aquino, Forbes, 8 Oct. 2024

And, each time, he is vilified—first by militant AIDS activists, later by anti-vaxxers and anti-maskers, populist Republicans and libertarians, and a panoply of conspiracy theorists. —Jerome Groopman, The New Yorker, 17 June 2024

The price of not winning a war, however, is a panoply of negative objectives: not losing, not giving up, not admitting defeat, not allowing anything to threaten the survival of the regime. —Michael Kimmage, Foreign Affairs, 13 Jan. 2023

Word History

Etymology

Greek panoplia, from pan- + hopla arms, armor, plural of hoplon tool, weapon — more at hoplite

First Known Use

circa 1637, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

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Kids Definition

panoply

noun

pan·​o·​ply ˈpan-ə-plē 

plural panoplies

1

: a full suit of armor

2

: a protective covering

3

: a magnificent arrangement or display

panoplied

-plēd

adjective