ruminate

verb

ru·​mi·​nate ˈrü-mə-ˌnāt How to pronounce ruminate (audio)
ruminated; ruminating

transitive verb

1
: to go over in the mind repeatedly and often casually or slowly
2
: to chew repeatedly for an extended period

intransitive verb

1
: to chew again what has been chewed slightly and swallowed : chew the cud
2
: to engage in contemplation : reflect
rumination noun
ruminative adjective
ruminatively adverb
ruminator noun

Did you know?

When you ruminate, you chew something over, either literally or figuratively. Literal rumination may seem a little gross to humans, but to cows, chewing your cud (partially digested food brought up from the stomach for another chew) is just a natural part of life. Figurative ruminating is much more palatable to humans; that kind of deep, meditative thought is often deemed quite a worthy activity. The verb ruminate has described metaphorical chewing over since the early 1500s and actual chewing since later that same century. Our English word comes from and shares the meanings of the Latin verb ruminari (“to chew the cud” or “muse upon”), which in turn comes from rumen, the Latin name for the first stomach compartment of ruminant animals (that is, creatures like cows that chew their cud).

Choose the Right Synonym for ruminate

ponder, meditate, muse, ruminate mean to consider or examine attentively or deliberately.

ponder implies a careful weighing of a problem or, often, prolonged inconclusive thinking about a matter.

pondered the course of action

meditate implies a definite focusing of one's thoughts on something so as to understand it deeply.

meditated on the meaning of life

muse suggests a more or less focused daydreaming as in remembrance.

mused upon childhood joys

ruminate implies going over the same matter in one's thoughts again and again but suggests little of either purposive thinking or rapt absorption.

ruminated on past disappointments

Examples of ruminate in a Sentence

The question got us ruminating on the real value of wealth. He ruminated over the implications of their decision.
Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
In other parts of Just Beyond the Light, Blythe uses a stay at the Chelsea Hotel in New York to ruminate on songwriting and other forms of creativity, while the chapter before laments the epidemic of school shootings in the United States and the lack of effective measures to prevent them. Gary Graff, Billboard, 19 Feb. 2025 Saint Levant has been ruminating on his identity lately. Hannah Jackson, Vogue, 14 Feb. 2025 As the dog lazed in the dirt in Shelby Park, one guardsman ruminated about new missions to alleviate the boredom. Jack Healy, New York Times, 13 Feb. 2025 The scientific community has long ruminated on the idea that dogs are capable of judging human character. Thomas G. Moukawsher, Newsweek, 11 Feb. 2025 See All Example Sentences for ruminate

Word History

Etymology

Latin ruminatus, past participle of ruminari to chew the cud, muse upon, from rumin-, rumen rumen; perhaps akin to Sanskrit romantha act of chewing the cud

First Known Use

1533, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of ruminate was in 1533

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Cite this Entry

“Ruminate.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ruminate. Accessed 4 Mar. 2025.

Kids Definition

ruminate

verb
ru·​mi·​nate ˈrü-mə-ˌnāt How to pronounce ruminate (audio)
ruminated; ruminating
1
: to spend time thinking : meditate
2
: to chew the cud : bring up and chew again what has been chewed slightly and swallowed
rumination noun

Medical Definition

ruminate

intransitive verb
ru·​mi·​nate ˈrü-mə-ˌnāt How to pronounce ruminate (audio)
ruminated; ruminating
1
: to chew again what has been chewed slightly and swallowed : chew the cud
2
: to engage in contemplation

More from Merriam-Webster on ruminate

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